1.1. Efficient Consensus Algorithm: The Open Network (TON) employs an efficient consensus algorithm to ensure the security and stability of the network. While the specific details of the consensus algorithm may evolve with the network’s development and updates, TON’s design considers multiple aspects to achieve an effective consensus mechanism.
TON utilizes a Proof-of-Stake (PoS) consensus algorithm. Unlike the traditional Proof-of-Work (PoW) algorithm, PoS achieves consensus by allowing nodes holding network tokens (TON tokens) to participate in validating and confirming transactions. This approach reduces energy consumption, enhances consensus efficiency, and makes the network more decentralized.
In TON, validators who stake TON’s native cryptocurrency have the opportunity to participate in block validation and consensus processes. Validators maintain the network’s state by running full nodes and participate in block creation and validation. TON’s consensus algorithm employs a series of rules and incentive mechanisms to ensure validator honesty and network security.
Additionally, TON’s consensus algorithm considers the impact of sharding technology. Since TON uses sharding to distribute transactions across multiple shard chains, each shard chain requires an independent consensus process. The consensus algorithm ensures consistency and security across shard chains through cross-shard communication and coordination.
To improve consensus efficiency, TON’s algorithm also adopts asynchronous processing. When a smart contract calls a function in another contract, the call does not execute immediately but can be processed asynchronously on different workchains or shard chains. This asynchronous nature allows TON to handle multiple transactions and smart contracts in parallel, increasing overall network throughput.
In summary, The Open Network employs a Proof-of-Stake consensus algorithm combined with sharding technology and asynchronous processing to enhance consensus efficiency. These design features enable TON to achieve efficient transaction processing and smart contract execution while maintaining security and stability.
1.2. Asynchronous Smart Contract Calls: An important feature of The Open Network (TON) is its asynchronous smart contract calls, which differ significantly from the synchronous call approach used by blockchains like Ethereum. This design offers several advantages and flexibility.
In TON, when a smart contract needs to call a function in another smart contract, the call is placed in an asynchronous queue and does not execute immediately. This means smart contract calls can occur in parallel, allowing subsequent code execution without waiting for the previous call to complete.
The asynchronous call design brings several benefits:
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Scalability: Asynchronous calls allow TON to handle multiple smart contract call requests in parallel, improving network throughput and scalability. Even with high concurrent requests, TON remains efficient and stable.
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Reduced Latency:Since calls are asynchronous, the caller does not need to wait for the execution result of the called contract and can proceed with subsequent code, reducing wait times and improving system response speed and user experience.
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Flexibility: Asynchronous calls enable more flexible interactions between smart contracts. Developers can design contract interactions according to business needs without worrying about call sequence and dependency issues, allowing for more complex and adaptable business scenarios.
However, asynchronous calls introduce challenges and complexities. Developers must handle potential call failures, timeouts, and design fault tolerance and retry mechanisms. Additionally, asynchronous calls may lead to data inconsistency and concurrency conflicts, requiring careful design and implementation of smart contracts.
TON’s asynchronous smart contract call design enhances scalability, reduces latency, and offers flexibility while requiring developers to address potential issues and challenges.
1.3. Cross-Chain Transactions:Cross-chain transactions are a significant feature of The Open Network (TON), aimed at achieving interoperability between different blockchains. This feature allows the transfer of assets, data, and value between distinct blockchain networks, breaking the isolation between traditional blockchains and expanding the application scenarios for decentralized applications.
TON’s cross-chain transactions are implemented through its unique architecture and mechanisms. TON uses a multi-layer blockchain structure, including the Masterchain, Workchains, and Shardchains, allowing it to support large-scale concurrent transactions and efficient data processing. In cross-chain transactions, TON uses cross-chain bridges or protocols to connect and communicate between different blockchains.
Key aspects of TON’s cross-chain transaction mechanism include:
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Cross-Chain Bridges:Cross-chain bridges connect different blockchains, enabling the transfer of assets or data from one blockchain to another. TON may use its own cross-chain bridge technology or integrate with other blockchain bridges to achieve broader cross-chain interoperability.
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Cross-Chain Protocols: Cross-chain protocols define the rules and mechanisms for communication and interaction between blockchains. TON may adopt one or more cross-chain protocols to ensure the security, reliability, and efficiency of cross-chain transactions. These protocols may involve asset locking, validation, transfer, and unlocking steps to ensure correct execution.
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Distributed Ledger Technology: TON uses distributed ledger technology to record the history and state of cross-chain transactions. This technology ensures transparency and traceability while enhancing system security and reliability.
Through cross-chain transactions, TON provides advantages such as:
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Asset Liquidity: Users can transfer assets between different blockchains, increasing asset liquidity and availability, and offering more choices and opportunities.
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Data Sharing: Data from different blockchains can be shared and exchanged through cross-chain transactions, facilitating data interoperability and collaboration between applications, and providing a broader space for innovation.
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Enhanced Security: Cross-chain transactions use distributed ledger technology and encryption algorithms to ensure the security and reliability of transactions, reducing fraud and attack risks, and offering a safer trading environment.
TON’s cross-chain transactions are a crucial feature that expands application scenarios and provides more choices for users and developers. By using cross-chain bridges, protocols, and distributed ledger technology, TON achieves interoperability between different blockchains and promotes the development and innovation of decentralized applications.
1.4. Decentralized Services: Decentralized services are a key feature of The Open Network (TON), aimed at building a more secure, reliable, and decentralized internet environment. By providing decentralized services, TON offers more choices and freedom to users and developers while enhancing network security and stability.
TON’s decentralized services include:
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Decentralized Storage: TON may offer decentralized storage services, allowing users to store data across multiple nodes rather than on a centralized server. This storage method improves data security and reliability and makes data sharing and access easier. Users can store files, images, videos, and other types of data in TON’s decentralized storage network without worrying about data loss or tampering.
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Decentralized Communication: TON may provide decentralized communication services, allowing users to communicate without third-party intermediaries. This communication method enhances privacy and security while reducing operator and governmental control. Users can use TON’s decentralized communication applications for messaging, voice calls, video calls, etc., without concerns about information leakage or interception.
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Decentralized Finance: TON supports decentralized financial applications, including decentralized exchanges, lending platforms, and stablecoins. These applications use smart contracts and blockchain technology to ensure transaction transparency, fairness, and security, lowering the barriers and costs of financial services. Users can use TON’s tokens (TON coins) for transactions and payments without traditional financial institution constraints.
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Decentralized Identity Verification: TON may offer decentralized identity verification services, enabling users to use their private and public keys for authentication and authorization. This method improves security and privacy while reducing risks and vulnerabilities associated with centralized identity verification institutions. Users can use TON’s decentralized identity services to log in to applications, access data, or perform other operations without concerns about password leakage or account theft.
Overall, TON’s decentralized services provide more choices and freedom to users and developers while enhancing network security and stability. These services contribute to the development and application of blockchain technology and help build a more fair, transparent, and free internet environment.
In summary, the design features of the TON Network are reflected in its sharding technology, multi-layer blockchain structure, efficient consensus algorithm, asynchronous smart contract calls, cross-chain transactions, and decentralized services. These features make TON a promising distributed application platform.